Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), also known as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is a common anionic surfactant and detergent. Its chemical formula is C12H25SO4Na, and it consists of a 12-carbon hydrophobic tail (dodecyl) and a hydrophilic sulfate group.

SDS is widely used in various applications, including:

Cleaning and Personal Care Products: SDS is a key ingredient in many household cleaning products such as shampoos, body washes, toothpaste, and liquid soaps. It acts as a surfactant, helping to remove dirt, oils, and grease from surfaces.

Laboratory and Biological Research: In biochemistry and molecular biology, SDS is commonly used in techniques like SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). In SDS-PAGE, SDS is used to denature proteins, making them negatively charged and allowing them to migrate through a gel matrix based on their size.

Industrial Processes: SDS is used in various industrial processes, such as in the production of paper and textiles. It can aid in the dispersion of solids, emulsification of oils, and as a foaming agent.

Pharmaceuticals: SDS is sometimes used in pharmaceutical formulations, especially in topical creams and ointments.

Research and Development: SDS can also be used as a solubilizing agent for various organic compounds in laboratory research and development.

It's important to note that while SDS is generally considered safe for its intended purposes, it can be irritating to the skin and eyes in concentrated forms. In consumer products, it is typically used in relatively low concentrations. In a research or industrial setting, proper safety precautions should be taken when handling concentrated SDS solutions.

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